The Imperial Cities of Morocco take you back through centuries of royal history. These magnificent cities sit right between Africa and Europe. Morocco's historic capitals—Marrakech, Fez, Meknes, and Rabat—have all served as the country's political and cultural centers at different times.
Visiting the imperial cities of Morocco is more than a sightseeing trip—it’s a journey into the soul of a nation shaped by sultans, scholars, and centuries of diverse influences. Whether you're drawn by Fez’s ancient traditions, Marrakech’s lively energy, Rabat’s coastal elegance, or Meknes’ overlooked charm, these cities invite you to explore Morocco’s past and present in unforgettable ways.
Morocco's term "Imperial city" or " Imperial Morocco" carries unique historical importance. The country's power center moved between different locations as dynasties rose and fell, with each ruler creating their imperial hub.
Four Moroccan cities earned recognition as "imperial cities" after serving as national capitals: Fez, Marrakech, Meknes, and Rabat. These urban centers became more than administrative headquarters and emerged as cultural, religious, and economic powerhouses of their time.
The story of Morocco's imperial cities follows its dynastic timeline:
Fez (founded 789): The Idrisid dynasty first chose it as their capital. The city later became the imperial seat for the Marinid (1244-1465) and Wattasid (1465-1554) dynasties. Fez reached its peak under Marinid rule, which led to the construction of its magnificent madrasas.
Marrakech (founded 1070): The Almoravid dynasty built it as their capital. The city served as the imperial center for the Almohad dynasty (1147-1269) and later under the Saadian dynasty (1554-1659). The iconic Koutoubia Mosque stands as a testament to this era.
Meknes (founded 711): The city rose to imperial status under the Alaouite dynasty during Sultan Moulay Ismail's reign (1672-1727). His vision revolutionized the city with massive palaces and fortifications, which earned Meknes the nickname "Versailles of Morocco."
Rabat (founded 12th century): The Almohad dynasty built it as a fortress. The city became the official capital under French Protectorate rule in 1912 and continues as Morocco's capital today.
Each imperial city showcases unique architectural and cultural elements from its ruling dynasties. These differences appear in the Medina layouts, defensive walls, and monumental structures. The Almoravids preferred simple designs, while the Almohads created grand structures. The Merinids crafted elegant madrasas, and the Alaouites built luxurious palaces.
These four cities represent the complete mixture of Moroccan royal heritage despite their different locations. Their strategic positions helped control various regions - Fez in the northeast, Meknes slightly west, Rabat on the Atlantic coast, and Marrakech in the central-south.
Each of Morocco's imperial cities has its unique character, shaped by centuries of royal history and cultural evolution. Known as the Royal Cities of Morocco, these urban centers—Marrakech, Fez, Meknes, and Rabat—have all served as capitals under different dynasties. They showcase the kingdom's architectural beauty, from grand palaces and majestic mosques to bustling medinas and intricate tilework. Together, they offer a vivid glimpse into the legacy of Morocco’s monarchy, preserving traditions that continue to influence the country today.
Rose-colored walls that light up at sunset give Marrakech its nickname "The Red City." The ochre pigment colors all its buildings. Youssef ben Tachfine of the Almoravid dynasty founded this magical city in 1070. It beautifully mixes traditional Berber culture with Arab influences.
The famous Koutoubia Mosque stands tall with its 77-meter minaret that defines Marrakech's skyline. This spiritual landmark sits close to Djemaa el-Fna square, which changes from a busy market during the day to a lively carnival at night. You'll find storytellers, musicians, and food vendors here. Majorelle Garden offers a quiet escape with its bold cobalt blue features set against green plants. Yves Saint Laurent once owned this peaceful retreat.
Top Places to Visit in Marrakech:
1. Jemaa el-Fnaa square (UNESCO)
2. Koutoubia Mosque
3. Bahia Palace
4. Saadian Tombs
5. Majorelle Garden & Yves Saint Laurent Museum
6. El Badi Palace
7. Marrakech Medina & Souks
The medieval medina of Fez el-Bali is the world's largest car-free urban area. This maze-like wonder has more than 9,000 narrow streets and alleys. Time stands still in this architectural masterpiece.
Al-Qarawiyyin, the world's oldest operating university since 859, makes Fez culturally significant. The city leads Morocco's craft tradition. It's famous tanneries still use century-old techniques to work with leather.
Top Places to Visit in Fez:
1. Fes el-Bali Medina (UNESCO)
2. Al Quaraouiyine Mosque & University
3. Chouara Tannery
4. Bou Inania Madrasa
5. Royal Palace of Fez (outside view)
6. Mellah (Jewish Quarter)
7. Borj Nord & Merenid Tombs
The current capital of Morocco combines modern administration with historic beauty. Hassan Tower stands as Rabat's most impressive monument. This incomplete 12th-century minaret was meant to be part of the world's largest mosque. Construction stopped after Sultan Yacoub al-Mansour died in 1199.
Mohammed V's royal mausoleum compares to this ancient structure with its modern Alaouite design. The Kasbah des Oudaias gives amazing views of the Atlantic Ocean. Its narrow streets lined with blue and white houses look just like Mediterranean coastal towns.
Top Places to Visit in Rabat:
1. Hassan Tower & Mausoleum of Mohammed V
2. Kasbah of the Udayas
3. Chellah Necropolis
4. Rabat Medina
5. Royal Palace
6. Mohammed VI Museum of Modern Art
7. Rabat Beach
Meknes shows its beauty to travelers who explore beyond popular spots, though other imperial cities often steal its spotlight. Sultan Moulay Ismail turned this city into Morocco's version of Versailles. He built massive walls that stretch 40 kilometers and grand gates like Bab Mansour, Morocco's most impressive entrance.
The city's imperial stables used to house 12,000 horses. Each horse had its slave and groom, which shows Moulay Ismail's lavish lifestyle. Meknes lets you experience royal history without the crowds you'll find in Marrakech and Fez. This makes it perfect to learn about Morocco's royal past.
Top Places to Visit in Meknes:
1. Bab Mansour Gate
2. Heri es-Souani (Royal Granaries & Stables)
3. Mausoleum of Moulay Ismail
4. El Hedim Square
5. Medina of Meknes (UNESCO)
6. Dar Jamai Museum
Spring (March–May) and Fall (September–November) for ideal weather.
-Dress modestly when visiting religious sites.
-Bargaining is expected in souks.
-Trains and private drivers are best for intercity travel.
-Within cities: taxis or walking in the medina areas.
-Bring cash (dirhams) for small purchases.
-Stay aware in busy medinas, but the cities are generally safe for tourists.
And if you're planning to visit more of Morocco's cities, you can check out our Ultimate Guide to Morocco’s Best Cities to Visit!
If you're planning to go to Morocco, then visiting the Imperial Cities of Morocco is a must. Here is an 8-day itinerary that will cover all the places you need to see during your Morocco visit, and if you don't want to experience any hassle travelling alone, you can definitely check our Best Morocco Trip Package: Imperial Cities of Morocco Tour!
Day 1: Casablanca → Rabat
Day 2: Rabat → Meknes → Volubilis → Fez
Visit Hassan Tower, Kasbah Ouddaya, Old souks and bazaars (free time), Arch of Triumph, Capitoline Temple, Orpheus Mosaics, Bab El Mansour, and Lhri
Overnight in Fez
Day 3: Full Day in Fez
The old Medina of Fez (Fes el-Bali) — general walking tour
Visits: Bou Inania Medersa, Attarine (Attarin) Medersa, Leather tanning quarter (Chouara Tannery area), Ess-Seffarine Square, Moulay Idriss II Tomb, El-Nejjarine Square, Cabinet makers’ souk (likely in or near the Mellah, the Jewish Quarter)
Overnight in Fez
Day 4: Fez → Beni Mellal (optional) → Marrakech
Visits: Scenic drive with stops or passes through Imouzar (likely Imouzar Kandar in the Middle Atlas), Ifrane (a picturesque alpine-style town known as “Little Switzerland”), Beni Mellal (a major agricultural hub, possibly with a stop or panoramic view).
Overnight in Marrakech
Day 5: Full Day in Marrakech
Visits: Majorelle Garden, Menara Gardens (the basin and orchards), Koutoubia Mosque (exterior view — non-Muslims cannot enter), Jewish Quarter (Mellah), Jemaa El Fnaa Square
Overnight in Marrakech
Day 6: Free Day in Marrakech
Exploring the souks (traditional markets) of Marrakech
Day 7: Marrakech → Casablanca
Visits: Hassan II Mosque, Casablanca Corniche , Habous Quarter.
Overnight in Casablanca
Day 8: Departure Day
Get transferred to Casablanca Airport
Morocco’s imperial cities—Marrakech, Fez, Meknes, and Rabat—are cities that have each served as the capital of the country at different times under various dynasties. These royal cities of Morocco are known for their rich cultural heritage, grand architecture, and historical significance. As Morocco’s historic capitals, they represent the legacy of sultans and the diverse influences that have shaped the country over the centuries. Exploring the imperial cities of Morocco offers travelers a deep dive into its regal past, from ancient medinas to majestic palaces.
Fez holds the title of being the first capital among the imperial cities of Morocco. Founded in the 8th century, Fez quickly became a center of religion, culture, and learning. As the oldest of Morocco’s historic capitals, it played a pivotal role in the development of Islamic scholarship and Moroccan identity. Even today, Fez remains one of the most significant imperial cities and a cornerstone of imperial Morocco’s legacy.
They are called imperial cities because each of them served as a capital under Morocco’s ruling dynasties throughout history. These royal cities of Morocco—Fez, Marrakech, Meknes, and Rabat—were home to the country’s sultans and monarchs, and they showcase the splendor of imperial Morocco through their architecture, palaces, and cultural landmarks. The term reflects their historic status as Morocco’s historic capitals, making them essential destinations for anyone seeking to understand the imperial cities of Morocco.